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An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT), and is able to treat them through defibrillation, which is the application of electrical therapy that stops the arrhythmia, allowing the heart to reestablish an effective rhythm.

Here's a basic overview of how an AED works and some key facts about it:

1. Operation: Most AEDs are designed for use by non-medical operators. They are automated to guide the user through the process with visual and audio commands.
2. Electrode Pads: The device comes with adhesive electrode pads that are placed on the person's chest. These electrodes allow the AED to analyze the heart's rhythm and deliver an electrical shock if necessary.
3. Analysis: Once the pads are applied, the AED automatically analyzes the heart's rhythm and determines whether a shock is necessary.
4. Shock: If the AED determines that a shock is needed, it will instruct the user to stand clear and then deliver the shock. The shock can help reset the heart's electrical activity and potentially restore a normal rhythm.
5. CPR Prompt: After delivering a shock (or if no shock is indicated), the AED typically prompts the rescuer to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Many modern AEDs even provide feedback to help the rescuer provide high-quality CPR.
6. Accessibility: AEDs are often found in public places, such as airports, gyms, schools, and office buildings. The idea is to have them readily accessible in case of a sudden cardiac arrest emergency.
7. Maintenance: Regular maintenance checks are necessary to ensure that the AED's battery and electrode pads are in working order. Batteries and pads have expiration dates and must be replaced when they expire or after use.
8. Training: While AEDs are designed for use by laypeople, training can help potential users become familiar with the device and increase their comfort level in an emergency. Many CPR training courses also include instruction on using an AED.
9. Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA): An AED is particularly useful in cases of SCA. SCA is different from a heart attack. It's when the heart suddenly stops beating and blood is no longer being pumped to the body and brain. Immediate treatment is critical for survival, and that's where an AED comes in handy.
10. Limitations: AEDs are extremely valuable in the right situations, but they can't treat all heart rhythms. For example, they won't be effective in cases where the heart has completely stopped (asystole) or in other non-shockable rhythms.

In conclusion, having immediate access to an AED and someone who knows how to use it can significantly increase the chances of survival for someone experiencing a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia. It's a key tool in the chain of survival, along with early recognition, CPR, and advanced medical care.